Chosen Solution

Does anyone know what this little black plastic piece is on the logic board near where the battery goes in? Mine is broken and I’m wondering what it is, what it does and where I can get one to replace the broken piece.

Thats a bottom cover mount point. Basically, it offers physical support along the mid line. You’ll see you have two along the rail. You want to make sure the one by the HD/optical drive is present as it helps protect the cables from being crushed if the cover bends in. I managed to get someone to make a good handful of them using a 3D printer. Sadly, I’ve used them all up! As they often get broken. If you have a friend with a 3D printer maybe they can make a new one if your’s is broken. Sadly, Apple never offered them as a spare part.